Актуальні питання ефективного функціонування економічних систем: особливості, тенденції та перспективи

The 10-year climatology (2011–2020) of quasi-stationary planetary waves in the midlatitude stratosphere and mesosphere (40–50N, up to 90 km) has been analyzed. Longitude– altitude sections of geopotential height and ozone have been obtained using the Aura MLS satellite data. It is found that stationary wave 1 propagates into the mesosphere from the North American High and Icelandic Low, which are adjacent surface pressure anomalies in the structure of stationary wave 2. Unexpectedly, the strongest pressure anomaly in the Aleutian Low region does not contribute to the stationary wave 1 formation in the mesosphere. The vertical phase transformations of stationary waves in geopotential height and ozone show inconsistencies that should be studied separately.


SECTION XXI. PHYSICS
AND MATHEMATICS to the appearance of regional weather anomalies in the troposphere with cold or warm air masses, with abundance or lack of precipitation [1,6]. In the stratosphere, the QSWs influence leads to zonal asymmetry of polar ozone, temperature and zonal wind in winter and spring [2,3,7]. Ozone asymmetry, in turn, can affect the distribution of surface ultraviolet radiation [8]. Due to downward propagation of stratospheric anomalies and their large zonal asymmetry, surface weather anomalies often appear in the midlatitudes [6]. In the mesosphere, QSWs contribute to changes in circulation patterns and ozone and temperature decadal trends [5,9].
In [7], the QSWs structure was analyzed using early ozone data of 1979-1991 from TOMS Nimbus 7 satellite and geopotential height Z in 1979-1993 from reanalysis data. Longitudinal distributions at 50N for winter month January were constructed, and they were compared at three pressure levels: 800 hPa (3 km, troposphere), 300 hPa (9 km, tropopause level) and 100 hPa (16 km, lower stratosphere). It has been shown that ozone trends are longitude-depended and inversely correlated with zonal anomalies in geopotential height Z. Longitudinal Zanomalies show QSW structure caused by alternation of atmospheric centers of action and continents (Aleutian and Icelandic Lows and Eurasian and North American Highs). The QSW phase demonstrates a westward phase tilt with altitude associated with vertical propagation of stationary planetary waves [10]. The authors [7] concluded that observed longitude dependence of winter total ozone trends during the 1980s was most probably a consequence of decadal climate variability originating in the troposphere.
Decadal changes in QSWs activity play an important role in regional temperature and ozone trends and contribute to regional climate changes [1, 7,9]. This is why QSWs require continuous monitoring to detect possible regional climate changes based on the QSWs deviations in phase and amplitude relative to climatological properties [6]. In this work, we present mid-latitude QSWs climatology in the Northern Hemisphere over the last decade 2011-2020. If in [7] a circle of latitude 50N was considered, then we average the data in the zone 40-50N, covering Ukraine and North China. The Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite data on geopotential height Z and ozone O3 are used from the NASA website https://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/eos-aura-mls/data-products/.
Results. In this work, we follow the method of analysis [7] and first create longitudinal Z distributions based on 10-year averages (2011-2020) in the zone 40-50N at 10 pressure levels based on the Aura MLS measurements (Fig. 1a).
In the troposphere-lower stratosphere, QSW structure is represented by a zonal wave m = 2 (three lowest curves in Fig. 1a). The two minima locate at the longitudes of the Aleutian and Icelandic Lows and the two maxima correspond to the Eurasian and North American Highs (blue and red vertical bars, respectively). This pattern is generally consistent with that in [7]. However, the vertical transition from wave 2 to wave 1 observed in middle stratosphere near 10 hPa (32 km, Fig. 1a), is not presented in [7] due to the altitude limitation of 16 km. Although wave 2 may be present in the mesosphere in January during a separate event [11], 10-year climatology shows its absence between the middle stratosphere and the upper mesosphere (32-80 km, Fig. 1a).

СЕКЦІЯ XXI. ФІЗИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНІ НАУКИ
The amplitude of wave 1 increases through the stratosphere, and the maximum Z anomaly is reached in the stratopause region (50 km, Fig. 1b). There is also a difference between wave 2 and wave 1 in the westward phase tilt with altitude: several tens of degrees and more than 90, respectively (Fig. 1a). Vertical sequences of red and blue bars in Fig. 1a clearly indicate that wave 1 ridge and trough are projected onto the longitudes of the North American High (100-140W) and Icelandic Low (50-90W) regions in the troposphere. This is an unexpected and interesting phenomenon, since the two Z anomalies are longitudinally spaced by 50 in the troposphere and transform with altitude up to about 180-distance between the wave-1 extremes in the mesosphere (Fig. 1a). It turns out that the Aleutian Low, the strongest sea level pressure anomaly in the northern midlatitudes, providing the main zonal ozone maximum in the stratosphere ( Fig. 2a; see also [7]), does not participate at all in the formation of the QSW structure in the mesosphere. This vertical transformation of the QSW structure can not be explained in the preliminary report of our results and requires more careful studying within the framework of theoretical and model analysis in the future.
The QSW structure in ozone does not show regular phase shift with altitude (Fig. 2a). Apparently, the vertically propagated QSWs observed in geopotential height (Fig. 1a) are disturbed in the longitudinal ozone distribution (Fig. 2a) by many other factors that have yet to be determined. To resolve this problem, it is necessary to create the longitude-altitude sections with a higher vertical resolution and using the ozone concentration instead of volume mixing ratio. The ozone anomaly values also SECTION XXI. PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS vary unevenly with altitude (Fig. 2a), which shows the presence of additional sources of influence besides QSWs. Conclusions. Longitude-altitude sections of geopotential height and ozone have been obtained to present the 10-year QSWs climatology (2011-2020) in the mid-latitude stratosphere and mesosphere (40-50N). Using the Aura MLS satellite data, it was found that stationary wave 1 propagates into the mesosphere from the North American High and Icelandic Low, which are adjacent surface pressure anomalies in the structure of stationary wave 2. Unexpectedly, the strongest pressure anomaly in the Aleutian Low region does not contribute to the mesospheric wave 1 formation. The vertical QSW phase transformation in geopotential height and ozone shows inconsistencies, which need additional analysis.
Acknowledgements. This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine with: Grant 21BNN-06 for prospective development of a scientific direction "Mathematical sciences and natural sciences" at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, the project 19BF051-08 by Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and the projects 21DF051-11 by National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, and was also supported by the College of Physics, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, China.