ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ СВІТОВОГО РИНКУ ЕЛЕКТРОМОБІЛІВ
І. А. Малюта, Н. О. Небаба, В. А. Калюжна
DOI: 10.32702/2307-2105-2020.3.74
УДК: 339.94
І. А. Малюта, Н. О. Небаба, В. А. Калюжна
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ СВІТОВОГО РИНКУ ЕЛЕКТРОМОБІЛІВ
Анотація
У статті досліджено особливості розвитку світового ринку електромобілів, який показує значне зростання (більш ніж у шість разів) виробництва електричних транспортних засобів за останні п’ять років. Досліджено структуру ринку електромобілів за країнами світу. Проаналізовано окремі заходи та механізми, що впроваджуються для збільшення світового ринку електромобілів відповідно до пріоритетів та програм кожної країни-учасниці ініціативи щодо електричних транспортних засобів (EVI). Визначено ключові переваги застосування електричних транспортних засобів перед автомобілями з двигунами внутрішнього згоряння, зокрема через менше їх оподаткування у зв’язку зі зменшенням кількості викидів СО2 в атмосферу. Зроблено аналіз сценарію програми EV30@30 щодо прогнозу об’єму ринку електромобілів на 2018-2030 рр. Виявлено основні труднощі та проблеми, з якими можуть зіткнутися виробники та постачальники електромобілів. Ідентифіковано напрями подальших досліджень у контексті розвитку світового ринку електромобілів.
Ключові слова: автомобілебудування; електромобілі; електроенергія; викиди парникових газів; оподаткування.
Література
1. Clean Energy Ministerial. Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI). URL: http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/initiative-clean-energy-ministerial/electric-vehicles-initiative.
2. International Energy Agency. EV30@30 Campaign. URL: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a7571ce8-70dd-43a8-9ed7-915cb05fc638/ 3030CampaignDocumentFinal.pdf.
3. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (COP21). URL: https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10a01.pdf.
4. International Energy Agency (IEA). The Global EV Outlook 2019. URL: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2019.
5. International Energy Agency (IEA). Global EV Pilot City Programme (EVI-PCP). URL: https://www.iea.org/areas-of-work/programmes-and-partnerships/electric-vehicles-initiative.
6. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Electric vehicles and supply chain. URL: https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/industrial-products/library/electric-vehicles-supply-chain.html.
7. The European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA). CO2 based motor vehicle taxes in the EU. URL: https://www.acea.be/publications/article/overview-of-co2-based-motor-vehicle-taxes-in-the-eu.
8. European Climate Initiative (EUKI). Incentives for Electric Vehicles in Norway. URL: https://www.euki.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ 20180827_ NO_EVs_Study.pdf.
9. European Climate Initiative (EUKI). Factsheet: Bonus-Malus Vehicle Incentive System (France). URL: https://www.euki.de/en/.
I. Maluta, N. Nebaba, V. Kaliuzhna
FEATURES OF THE WORLD MARKET OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Summary
The article deals with the problem of development of the world market of electric cars. The significant increase (more than 6 times) of electric vehicle production over the last five years is shown. The structure of the electric vehicle market by countries of the world is investigated. Measures and mechanisms implemented to increase the electric vehicle market in accordance with the priorities and programs of each country participating in the Electric Vehicle Initiative (EVI) are analyzed. The advantages of using electric vehicles over cars with internal combustion engines are identified, in particular because of their lower taxation due to the reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. EV30@30 scenario for Electric Vehicle Market forecast for 2018-2030 is analyzed. The main difficulties and problems that electric vehicle manufacturers and suppliers may face are identified in case of adoption of electric vehicles.
According to an analysis of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), an international network of consulting and auditing companies, it is expected that electric vehicles can account for approximately 14% of new car sales in Europe and China by 2025. Due to the nature of the global automotive supply chain, manufacturers and their suppliers need to be prepared for the transition from automobiles to electric vehicles. The number of charging points and their geographical structure of publicly available slow and fast electric chargers by country are considered. It is estimated that half of the world's slowest-charging chargers and more than three-quarters of publicly available fast chargers are installed in China. The dynamics of electricity consumption in the world are also examined. In an effort to combat climate change, governments around the world have adopted increasingly stringent emission limits for vehicles. The top ten countries with the largest emissions in the transport sector were identified: the USA, China, Russia, India, Brazil, Japan, Canada, Germany, Mexico and Iran. The concept of the Bonus-Malus System (BMS) instrument is defined and taxation of passenger cars based on CO2 emissions in some countries is considered.
Keywords: automotive industry; electric vehicles; electricity; greenhouse gas emissions; taxation.
References
1. Clean Energy Ministerial (2020), “Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI)”, available at: http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/initiative-clean-energy-ministerial/electric-vehicles-initiative (Accessed 10 February 2020).
2. International Energy Agency (2020), “EV30@30 Campaign”, available at: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/a7571ce8-70dd-43a8-9ed7-915cb05fc 638/3030CampaignDocumentFinal.pdf (Accessed 14 February 2020).
3. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (2020), “Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (COP21)”, available at: https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/10a01.pdf (Accessed 18 February 2020).
4. International Energy Agency (IEA) (2020), “The Global EV Outlook 2019”, available at: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2019 (Accessed 20 February 2020).
5. International Energy Agency (IEA) (2020), “Global EV Pilot City Programme (EVI-PCP)”, available at: https://www.iea.org/areas-of-work/programmes-and-partnerships/electric-vehicles-initiative (Accessed 25 February 2020).
6. PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) (2020), “Electric vehicles and supply chain”, available at: https://www.pwc.com/us/en/industries/industrial-products/library/electric-vehicles-supply-chain.html (Accessed 28 February 2020).
7. The European Automobile Manufacturers' Association (ACEA) (2020), “CO2 based motor vehicle taxes in the EU”, available at: https://www.acea.be/publications/article/overview-of-co2-based-motor-vehicle-taxes-in-the-eu (Accessed 30 February 2020).
8. European Climate Initiative (EUKI) (2020), “Incentives for Electric Vehicles in Norway”, available at: https://www.euki.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/20180827_NO_EVs_Study.pdf (Accessed 31 February 2020).
9. European Climate Initiative (EUKI) (2020), “Factsheet: Bonus-Malus Vehicle Incentive System (France)”, available at: https://www.euki.de/en/ (Accessed 31 February 2020).
№ 3 2020
Дата публікації: 2020-03-27
Кількість переглядів: 6748