DOI: 10.32702/2307-2105-2022.1.71
УДК: 339.9
О. Г. Михайленко, О. А. Тіщенко, П. Д. Красніков
ТЕОРІЯ ТА ПРАКТИКА ПОБУДОВИ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В КРАЇНАХ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ
Анотація
У статті розглянуто сучасний стан впровадження та функціонування циркулярної економіки в країнах ЄС. Визначено її переваги, проведено порівняння країн ЄС за коефіцієнтом переробки комунальних відходів у 2019 р. Простежено досягнення в сфері використання вторинної сировини за допомогою коефіцієнту циркулярності за 2004-2020 рр. Досліджено особливості функціонування циркулярної економіки в Німеччині, де застосовується ряд стратегій для сприяння розвитку циркулярної економіки, включаючи мінімізацію відходів, повторне використання, переробку та спалювання відходів для отримання електроенергії і вироблення тепла. Окреслено особливості впровадження циркулярної економіки на прикладі Хорватії, де основна політика та правила стимулюють цей перехід, але є значне відставання від решти країн ЄС. Проаналізовано економічні, соціальні та екологічні наслідки впровадження циркулярної економіки, визначено перспективи й сценарії її функціонування в країнах ЄС.
Ключові слова: циркулярна економіка; Європейський союз; коефіцієнт переробки комунальних відходів; коефіцієнт циркулярності; сталий розвиток; управління відходами; повторне використання.
Література
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O. Mykhailenko, O. Tishchenko, P. Krasnikov
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF BUILDING A CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Summary
The article examines the current state of implementation and functioning of the circular economy in the EU countries. The advantages that the development of a circular economy can offer to countries are identified. The EU countries by the coefficient of municipal waste recycling in 2019 are compared. Achievements in the use of secondary raw materials were while using the circular coefficient for 2004-2020 were analyzed. The features of the functioning of the circular economy in Germany are investigated, where a number of strategies are applied to promote the development, reuse, recycling and incineration of waste to generate electricity and heat. The features of introducing a circular economy are outlined on the example of Croatia, where the country's main policies and rules stimulate the transition to a circular economy related to waste management, renewable energy, constant consumption and production, but still lagging far behind the rest of the EU in this direction. The economic, social and environmental consequences of the introduction of the circular economy are analyzed. The prospects and scenarios of the functioning of the circular economy in the EU countries have been determined. All the EU countries have stepped up and started to develop or modify their own strategies towards circularity, taking into account their regional, economic, social and political differences. The EU is creating an appropriate regulatory framework and promoting circularity actively. The level of awareness and interest of the EU population is also gradually increasing. This indicates that the EU is pursuing a balanced and gradual policy, setting priorities and moving in the right direction. The concept of a circular economy is a universal way of green growth in the development of countries, which makes it possible to replace the model of a linear economy, thereby: to reduce resource dependence of production, overcome and smooth out the socio-economic stratification of the population, solve environmental problems caused by the global crisis and, finally, achieve a stable state of the planet and preserve life in the Earth. However, all this requires an integrated approach to ensure food, water and energy security, as well as fundamental changes in the system of production and consumption.
Keywords: circular economy; European Union; municipal waste recycling rate; circularity coefficient; sustainable development; waste management; reuse.
References
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№ 1 2022
Дата публікації: 2022-01-27
Кількість переглядів: 13797
